Systems and methods for determining spatial locations of patient data gathering devices

ABSTRACT

An automated external defibrillator (AED) includes one or more sensors comprising electrodes configured to couple to a patient and configured to gather medical data from the patient, a display, and a location display system configured to create a device/patient map with map icons comprising an AED location icon and a patient location icon and provide the device/patient map at the display.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application Ser. No. 61/754,409, filed on Jan. 18, 2013, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to systems and methods for determining the spatial location of one or more patient data gathering devices. More specifically, the present invention relates to systems and methods for determining the spatial locations of multiple patient data gathering devices, communicably connecting nearby patient data gathering devices, and presenting the locations of the patient data gathering devices on an electronic map.

BACKGROUND

Patient data gathering devices used in emergency medical service (EMS) applications, for example, defibrillators, are typically complex and expensive. Thus, the number of devices employed in many areas is often relatively low. Nevertheless, the locations of such devices are typically tracked manually (for example, verbally or via an electronic log). Thus, it may be cumbersome to efficiently locate and redirect patient data gathering devices in certain situations, such as mass casualty situations.

Further, patient data gathering devices typically include wireless data transceivers to transmit medical information for storage in a remote medical database. However, some designs lack relatively long-range communication components (such as cellular or Wi-Fi transceivers) and in some situations, such as mass casualty situations, relatively long-range communication methods may be unavailable. In these cases, some patient data gathering devices turn to relatively short-range, device-to-device communication methods (such as near-field communications (NFC), Bluetooth, and the like) to transmit medical information. However, these devices may expend a significant amount of power by attempting to communicate with devices near the edge of their transmission range.

SUMMARY

A method for determining and presenting a spatial location of at least one patient data gathering device according to embodiments of the present invention includes receiving at least one signal from a geolocation system, analyzing the at least one signal to determine the spatial location of the at least one patient data gathering device, receiving an electronic map including the spatial location of the at least one patient data gathering device, generating a device location map by modifying the electronic map to include an icon at the spatial location of the at least one patient data gathering device, and generating a report including the device location map.

A method for determining a spatial proximity of a first patient data gathering device of a plurality of patient data gathering devices relative to second and third patient data gathering devices of the plurality of patient data gathering devices includes receiving at least one signal from a geolocation system, analyzing the at least one signal to determine the spatial location of the first patient data gathering device, receiving respective spatial locations of the second and third patient data gathering devices, and comparing the spatial location of the first patient data gathering device to the respective spatial locations of the second and third patient data gathering devices to determine a closer of the second and third patient data gathering devices to the first patient data gathering device.

While multiple embodiments are disclosed, still other embodiments of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description, which shows and describes illustrative embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, the drawings and detailed description are to be regarded as illustrative in nature and not restrictive.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 illustrates a system for determining and displaying the spatial location of one or more patient data gathering devices according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 2 illustrates an exemplary device/patient map created according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 3 illustrates an exemplary image displayed on a patient data gathering device and transmitted to a remote device according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 4 illustrates an exemplary method for determining and displaying the spatial location of a patient data gathering device according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 5 illustrates a system overview for determining and displaying the spatial location of one or more patient data gathering devices according to embodiments of the present invention.

FIG. 6 illustrates an exemplary computer system according to embodiments of the present invention.

While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specific embodiments have been shown by way of example in the drawings and are described in detail below. The intention, however, is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the invention is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

FIG. 1 illustrates a system 100 for determining and presenting the spatial location of one or more patient data gathering devices 102. In some embodiments, such location determinations are facilitated by a remote geolocation system 104 (for example, the Global Positioning System (GPS), a cellular geolocation system, a Wi-Fi geolocation system, or the like). The patient data gathering devices 102 communicate with and transmit location information (for example, using cellular data transmissions, Wi-Fi, near-field communications (NFC), Bluetooth, and the like) to a server 108 via a network 106 (for example, the Internet or a mesh network). The server 108 incorporates the location information into a map. The server 108 transmits the map to a remote terminal or device 110 for presentation to a system user 112. 100161 The patient data gathering devices 102 may be, for example, defibrillators (such as ZOLL® X-Series® or E-Series® devices), automatic external defibrillators (AEDs, such as ZOLA® AED Pro® devices), wearable cardioverter defibrillators (such as ZOLL® LifeVest® devices), combinations thereof, and the like. Some of the patient data gathering devices 102 may be assigned to patients (that is, currently connected to patients and gathering data), and some of the patient data gathering devices 102 may be unassigned (that is, currently disconnected from patients and not gathering data). For simplicity, the following paragraphs only provide the details for one assigned patient data gathering device 102. It is to be understood, however, that in some embodiments similar details apply to each of the different types of devices 102.

The patient data gathering device 102 receives signals from one or more sensors or electrodes 114 coupled to the patient 116. In some embodiments, a processor 118 uses such signals to monitor, detect, and/or derive or calculate various patient conditions. For example, the processor 118 may monitor, detect, and/or derive or calculate heart rate, blood pressure, temperature, respiration rate, blood oxygen level, end-tidal carbon dioxide level, pulmonary function, blood glucose level, and/or weight. In some embodiments, the patient data gathering device 102 includes a display 120 for presenting data associated with one or more of the above medical parameters. For example, the display 120 may present an electrocardiograph (ECG).

In some embodiments and as shown in FIG. 1, the patient data gathering device 102 includes a positioning device 122, such as a GPO receiver, to receive signals from the geolocation system 104. For example, the positioning device 122 may receive signals from multiple, GPO satellites of the geolocation system 104. The positioning device 122 transmits the received signals to the processor 118. The processor 118 determines the spatial location for example, longitude and latitude coordinates, elevation/altitude, and the like) of the patient data gathering device 102 by analyzing the signals. The resulting spatial location information is transmitted to the server 108 via the network 105 by using a communication device 124, such as a cellular data transceiver or a Wi-Fi transceiver.

In some embodiments, the patient data gathering device 102 includes alternative or additional components and/or determines its position in other manners. For example, the position of the patient data gathering device 102 may be determined by cellular signal multilateration, Wi-Fi signal multilateration, accelerometer or gyroscope data, combinations thereof, and the like.

The patient data gathering devices 102 may include different components and/or operate in different manners. In some embodiments, for example, the patient data gathering device 102 includes separate processors (not shown) for analyzing signals received from the sensors 114 and the geolocation system 104. In some embodiments, the patient data gathering device 102 transmits the signals received from the geolocation system 104 to the server 108 and/or the remote device 110. The server 105 and/or the remote device 110 then determine the spatial location of the device 102 and optionally transmit the location information to the device 102.

In addition to transmitting location information, in some embodiments, the patient data gathering device 102 transmits stored device information (for example, the device's type, model number, serial number, device capabilities, assigned setting, such as an ambulance or hospital, and the like) and/or associated patient information (that is, information about the patient 116 to which the device 102 is assigned) to the server 108 via the network 106. Such patient information may include, for example, the patient's name, age, weight, height, medical history, past and/or real-time medical data obtained by the patient data gathering device 102, and the like. In some embodiments, the system 100 may use the ZOLL® RescueNet® Link system to transmit medical data obtained by the patient data gathering devices 102 to the server 108.

As described briefly above, the network 106 may be, for example, the Internet. As another example, the network 106 may be a “mesh” network in which the patient data gathering devices 102 define network nodes. In such a network, each of the devices 102 directly communicates with at least one other device 102 (for example, via NFC, Bluetooth, and the like). Further, at least one of the devices 102 directly communicates with the server 108 (for example, via NEC, Bluetooth, cellular data transmissions, Wi-Fi, and the like). Thus, the remainder of the devices 102 indirectly communicate with the server 108. Additional general aspects of mesh networks are described in Poor, Robert; WIRELESS MESH NETWORKS; Sensors (Feb. 1, 2003), which is incorporated herein by reference.

In one aspect of the present systems and methods, a mesh network may be employed if some of the devices 102 do not have, for example, cellular or Wi-Fi capabilities or if cellular or Wi-Fi service is not available to some of the devices 102. In some embodiments, each device 102 may analyze the location information transmitted by other devices 102 to determine, for example, the nearest adjacent device 102. Thus, each device 102 may then directly communicate with only the nearest adjacent device 102 to conserve power. In some embodiments, each device 102 may analyze the location information transmitted by other devices 102 to determine, for example, the shortest path for communicating with the server 108.

The server 108 receives information from the various patient data gathering devices 102. In some embodiments, a database 126 in communication with the server 108 stores device information (for example, device types, model numbers, serial numbers, device capabilities, assigned setting, and the like). The server 108 associates the appropriate device information with a device's location upon receiving location information and device identification (for example, the device's serial number or the like). Similarly, in some embodiments the database 126 stores patient information (for example, the patient's age, weight, height, medical history, and the like). The server 108 associates the appropriate patient information with a device's location upon receiving location information and patient identification (for example, the patient's name or the like).

Turning now to FIG. 2, the database 126 also stores electronic maps of various areas (for example, states, cities, ZIP codes, and the like). Upon receiving location information from one or more of the devices 102, the server 108 selects a map 200 including each of the locations. The server 108 uses the map 200 and the location information to create an aggregated device/patient map 202. Such a map 202 includes one or more unassigned device icons (for example, D1) and/or assigned device/patient icons (for example, P1) disposed on the map 202 according to the associated location information.

In some embodiments, the device/patient map 202 includes a list of the unassigned and/or assigned patient data gathering devices 102. Such a list may include, for example, arbitrary device and/or device/patient identifiers (such as D1, P1, and the like), device information (such as the type of device, model number, serial number, device capabilities, and the like), patient information (such as the patient's name, age, weight, height, medical history, and the like), spatial locations (such as longitude and latitude coordinates, elevation/altitude, and the like), distances from a particular facility (such as a nearby hospital), combinations thereof, and the like.

The device and patient icons may take various forms. In some embodiments, for example, the device icons may include a basic shape (such as a rectangle) and arbitrarily assigned distinguishing indicia (such as the term “D1” as shown in FIG. 2). As another example, each patient icon may include a general depiction of a patient (such as shapes representing the head and torso of a person as shown in FIG. 2) and arbitrarily assigned distinguishing indicia (such as the terms “P1”, “P2”, and “P3” as shown in FIG. 2). As another example, each patient icon may include the associated patient's name or initials.

In some embodiments, the patient icons may take different forms to provide an indication of a patient's medical condition. In some embodiments, the patient icons may include different colors to represent a patient's condition. For example, a green patient icon may represent a patient in stable condition, and a red patient icon may represent a patient in critical condition.

The server 108 transmits the device/patient map 202 to the remote device 110 for presentation on the remote device's display 128. The remote device 110 may be, for example, a desktop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, a mobile telephone, or the like. In some embodiments, the server 108 transmits the same or different device/patient maps 202 to multiple remote devices 110.

In some embodiments, the system user 112 may manipulate the remote device 110 (for example, using a mouse, a keyboard, a touch-sensitive display, and the like) to select a specific area (for example, a city, ZIP code, and the like) for device and patient monitoring. In some embodiments, the remote device 110 may be assigned to continuously monitor a particular area (for example, a city, ZIP code, and the like). In this case, the system 100 may automatically and continuously update the locations of the unassigned and/or assigned patient data gathering devices 102 in the area.

In some embodiments, the system user 112 may manipulate the remote device 110 to interact with the device/patient map 202, For example, the system user 112 may pan or zoom the device/patient map 202 to depict different areas. As another example, the system user 112 may selectively show or hide landmarks (for example, roads, buildings, bodies of water, and the like) on the map 202. In latter case, the map 202 simply includes device and/or patient icons disposed at appropriate locations relative to each other.

In some embodiments, the system user 112 may manipulate the remote device 110 to interact with the device and patient icons, For example, selecting one of the patient icons on the map 202 may cause the remote device's display 128 to present additional patient information. Such information may include, for example, the patient's name, age, weight, height, medical history, past and/or real-time medical data obtained by the patient data gathering device 102, and the like. As another example, selecting one of the patient icons may cause the remote device's display 128 to replicate the image presented on the display 120 of the associated patient data gathering device 102. For example, the display 128 may present an EGG 300 and other medical data as shown in FIG. 3. As yet another example, the display 128 may present real-time medical data obtained by the patient data gathering device 102, and/or the system user may enter a previous time (for example, an earlier date) from which medical data is to be presented.

In some embodiments, the remote device 110 may present information received from the patient data gathering devices 102 in any of the manners described in US Pat. App Pub. 2011/0172550, which is incorporated herein by reference.

In some embodiments, the system user 112 may manipulate the remote device 110 to add further information to the device/patient map 202. For example, the system user 112 may enter information pertaining to a reported emergency (such as the patient's name, location, medical condition, and the like) to the remote device 110. If the information includes the patient's location, the system 100 may add a patient icon to the appropriate location on the device/patient map 202. Similarly, the system user 112 may enter information pertaining to the location of available resources (for example, ambulances lacking patient data gathering devices 102) or the system 100 may automatically incorporate vehicle location information received from, for example, the ZOLL® RescueNet® Navigator system. Thus, the system 100 may determine the nearest available resources and/or unassigned devices 102 to a reported emergency.

Turning to FIG, 4, an exemplary method for determining and displaying the spatial location of a patient data gathering device 102 according to one embodiment of the invention is as follows. The method begins at step 400 by receiving signals from the geolocation system 104. At step 402, the device 102 analyzes the received signals to determine its spatial position. Optionally, the device 102 then establishes communications with nearby devices 102 at step 404. In some cases, the device 102 receives and analyzes position information from the other devices 102 to determine the nearest device 102 at step 406, Alternatively, the device 102 receives and analyzes position information from the other devices 102 to determine the shortest path for communicating with the server 108 at step 406. At step 408, the device 102 establishes communications (directly or indirectly) with the server 108 via the network 106. The device 102 transmits location information, device information, and patient information to the server 108 at step 410. At step 412, the server 108 creates a map including a device/patient icon disposed according to the location information. The server 108 then transmits the device/patient map 202 to the remote device 110 at step 414. At step 416, the remote device 110 presents the device/patient map 202 on its display 128. Optionally, the system user 112 manipulates the remote device 110 to interact with the device/patient map at step 418.

FIG. 5 illustrates a system 500 overview for determining and displaying the spatial location of one or more patient data gathering devices according to embodiments of the present invention. The system 500 includes a patient data gathering module 502 in communication with a locating module 504. The locating module 504 receives signals from a geolocation system and is in communication with a processing module 506. The processing module 506 is also in communication with a map storage module 508, a device information storage module 510, and a patient information storage module 512. The processing module 506 uses information received from the locating module 504, the map storage module 508, the device information storage module 510, and the patient information storage module 512 to create an interactive device/patient map. The processing module 506 is in communication with a display module 514 for presenting the device/patient map to a system user.

While the system 500 is described as having an ability to communicate with a server 108 over a network, system 500 may alternatively be included on a local device or a group of local devices (for example patient data gathering device 102), or distributed across two or more local devices, which may operate in a similar manner without the involvement of a central server 108. As such, a map may be generated showing devices within a certain radius, for example 30 feet, 50 feet, 100 feet, 1000 feet, a mile, and the like, even without the involvement of a server 108 and/or a database 126 containing maps. Maps of local geographic or political features may be stored locally on the device on which the map is generated, and/or locally on device 102. Alternatively, even without any map overlay features, a map may be generated similar to that of FIG. 2, but showing only icons along with information about a relative location of the mapped devices 102, for example with respect to the device on which the map is generated or some other reference device. Such relative location information may permit rapid location of patient data gathering devices 102 in the field. The relative location information may include, for example, a legend indicating relative distance between icons, or distance information provided as a segment between icons with a textual distance identifier. According to some embodiments, the locating module 504 and the processing module 506 permit an icon to be selected from a map or a list of devices in order to activate a locating process, in which the user is provided with a directional and/or distance indicator to assist a mobile user in finding the particular device 102 represented by the icon.

In additional to two-dimensional maps, such as the map of FIG. 2, the system 100 may also permit three-dimensional location, for example by providing the device's 102 geographic coordinates as well as altitude and/or elevation. This may assist a user in locating one or more devices 102 on different levels al a multi-level building, and/or at different elevations of a hillside or ravine, and may be accomplished for example using GPS data. Such a function may also be particularly useful in a mass casualty situation.

In addition to locating devices 102 when devices 102 are in use (and thereby locating the patients with which the devices 102 are associated), the system 100 may also be configured to locate devices 102 in a similar manner for inventory, planning, and/or event review. For example, the system user 112, which may be a supervisor of an ambulance crew, may use the information from positioning devices 122 to determine how many devices 102 are deployed in the field and their current locations, in order to make possible reallocation decisions. An ambulance crew may use such location information to determine whether the location of any devices 102 for which it is responsible matches with a location of their vehicle (e.g., to determine if any devices 102 have been left behind in an emergency response). Also, the device's 102 location information may be recorded along with other patient information, to permit a person later reviewing the medical incident data to know where the actual device 102 was located throughout the emergency response, as distinct from the location of the vehicle which was used to respond.

Systems and methods according to the present invention may be used in various situations, For example, the systems and methods may be used in mass casualty situations to locate both assigned and unassigned patient data gathering devices 102 in a particular area (for example, a city, a ZIP code, and the like). This facilitates assigning patient data gathering devices 102 to nearby patients. Further, this facilitates locating assigned patient data gathering devices 102 and, thus, the associated patients. As described above, in some embodiments, the patient icons indicate the medical condition of a patient (for example, by using various colors). Thus, the systems and methods may facilitate determining a chronological order for deployment of further resources (for example, air lift services, ambulance services, and the like). For example, further resources may be first deployed to relatively critical patients and then to relatively stable patients. Similarly, in some embodiments, the present systems and methods can be used to recognize assignment of a relatively simple data gathering device 102 (for example, a basic life support device employed by fire services) to a patient. Subsequently and if warranted by the patient's condition, a relatively sophisticated data gathering device 102 (for example, an advanced life support device employed by ambulance services) can be directed to the patient.

In the above situations, the system users 112 could be EMS dispatchers. The dispatchers could direct personnel and resources to appropriate locations according to information provided by the present systems and methods, Alternatively or additionally, the system users 112 could be ambulatory personnel (such as ambulance personnel, fire department personnel, and the like) and the remote device 110 could be a portable device (such as a notebook computer, a tablet computer, and the like). Thus, the ambulatory personnel could determine, for example, the location and identity of nearby patients by using the remote device 110.

In various situations the device's 102 location may be used to approximately determine the location of resources (such as air lift services, ambulance services, and the like) and/or personnel (such as ambulance personnel, fire department personnel, and the like) employing the device 102.

As another example and particularly if the patient data gathering devices 102 are wearable cardioverter defibrillators, the present systems and methods may be used in hospital settings to monitor the location and movement of one or more ambulatory patients.

As yet another example, the present systems and methods may be used in various settings to identify nearby storage and/or maintenance locations for the devices 102 (for example, a storage area in a hospital). The systems and methods may also provide directions for moving the devices 102 to nearby or previously assigned storage and/or maintenance locations.

FIG. 6 is an exemplary computer system 600 with which embodiments of the present invention may be utilized. According to the present example, the computer system includes a bus 601, at least one processor 602, at least one communication port 603, a main memory 608, a removable storage media 605, a read only memory 606, and a mass storage 607,

Processor(s) 602 can be any known processor, such as an Intel® Itanium® or Itanium processor(s), or AMD® Opteron® or Athlon MP® processor(s), or Motorola® lines of processors. Communication port(s) 603 can be any of an RS-232 port for use with a modem based dialup connection, a 10/100 Ethernet port, a Gigabit port using copper or fiber, or a wireless communication port, for example. Communication port(s) 603 may be chosen depending on a network such a Local Area Network (LAN), Wide Area Network (WAN), or any network to which the computer system 600 connects. Main memory 608 can be Random Access Memory (RAM), or any other dynamic storage device(s) commonly known to one of ordinary skill in the art. Read only memory 606 can be any static storage device(s) such as Programmable Read Only Memory (PROM) chips for storing static information such as instructions for processor 602, for example.

Mass storage 607 can be used to store information and instructions. For example, hard disks such as the Adaptec® family of SCSI drives, an optical disc, an array of disks such as RAID (for example, the Adaptec family of RAID drives), or any other mass storage devices may be used, for example. Bus 601 communicably couples processor(s) 602 with the other memory, storage and communication blocks. Bus 601 can be a PCI/PCI-X or SCSI based system bus depending on the storage devices used, for example. Removable storage media 605 can be any kind of external hard-drives, floppy drives, flash drives, IOMEGA® Zip Drives, Compact Disc-Read Only Memory (CD-ROM), Compact Disc-Re-Writable (CD-RW), or Digital Video Disk-Read Only Memory (DVD-ROM), for example.

Various modifications and additions can be made to the exemplary embodiments discussed without departing from the scope of the present invention. For example, while the embodiments described above refer to particular features, the scope of this invention also includes embodiments having different combinations of features and embodiments that do not include all of the described features. Accordingly, the scope of the present invention is intended to embrace all such alternatives, modifications, and variations as fall within the scope of the claims, together with all equivalents thereof. 

1.-18.(canceled)
 19. An automated external defibrillator (AED) comprising: one or more sensors comprising electrodes configured to couple to a patient and configured to gather medical data from the patient; a display; and a location display system configured to: create a device/patient map with map icons comprising an AED location icon and a patient location icon, and provide the device/patient map at the display.
 20. The AED of claim 19, wherein the device/patient map indicates relative distance between map icons.
 21. The AED of claim 20, wherein the device/patient map indicates the relative distance with a textual distance identifier.
 22. The AED of claim 19, wherein the device/patient map is an interactive device/patient map.
 23. The AED of claim 19, wherein the location display system is configured to activate a locating process in which a user is provided with a directional indicator in response to a user selection.
 24. The AED of claim 23, wherein the user selection comprises a selection of at least one of the map icons.
 25. The AED of claim 19, wherein the location display system is configured to provide directions for moving the AED to a previously assigned storage location.
 26. The AED of claim 19, comprising a communication device configured to: receive information from one or more communicatively coupled remote devices comprising at least one server, and transmit information to the one or more communicatively coupled remote devices comprising the at least one server.
 27. The AED of claim 26, wherein the communication device is a cellular data transceiver or a Wi-Fi transceiver.
 28. The AED of claim 26, wherein the communication device is configured to transmit AED information to the one or more communicatively coupled remote devices.
 29. The AED of claim 28, wherein the AED information comprises capability information for the AED.
 30. The AED of claim 28, wherein the AED information comprises location information.
 31. The AED of claim 30, wherein the AED comprises a GPS receiver.
 32. The AED of claim 28, wherein the AED information comprises incident data.
 33. The AED of claim 32, wherein the incident data comprises patient demographic data.
 34. The AED of claim 32, wherein the incident data comprises the medical data gathered by the AED.
 35. The AED of claim 19, wherein the AED location icon and the patient location icon have shapes that are different from one another.
 36. The AED of claim 19, wherein a color of the patient location icon indicates a medical condition of the patient.
 37. The AED of claim 19, wherein the patient location icon includes patient identification information.
 38. The AED of claim 19, wherein the location display system comprises a display module, a locating module, a patient data gathering module, a processing module, a map storage module, a device information storage module, and a patient information storage module.
 39. The AED of claim 39, wherein the processing module is in communication with the display module to provide the device/patient map at the display.
 40. The AED of claim 39, wherein the processing module is in communication with the map storage module to create the device/patient map. 